In the upper Midwest, folks are accustomed to hearing of 'Alberta Clippers' and 'Panhandle Hook Lows' when meteorologists talk about snow producing systems entering the region. But beyond the brief mentions, no further explanation is given as to what these terms are alluding to. This blog is going to dig into where the term 'Alberta Clipper' was derived from, while giving you a better understanding of what to expect when one heads your way.
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Oftentimes, weather systems are named for the locations where they first develop. In this case, the Canadian province of Alberta is where most clipper low pressure systems form. But at times, these systems do originate further east in Saskatchawan, or even Manitoba. You may or may not have heard of the much less used naming convention for these systems. These systems can be referred to as 'Saskatchawan Screamers' or 'Manitoba Maulers,' which sound a bit more menacing than their Alberta cousin. Using these less used terms may raise some eyebrows, due to their lack of usage and media attention. Because of this, most systems that are born in any of the Canadian prairie provinces are simply dubbed, 'Alberta Clippers.'
During certain jet stream patterns, Alberta Clipper lows can be very frequent occurrences across the northern Plains region. The ideal setup occurs when the polar jet stream builds northward into western Canada, and then dives southeastward into the Plains. At times, this type of pattern can continue for weeks on end, resulting in a succession of Clipper systems. The highest frequency of Alberta Clipper lows can be expected during the late fall and winter season, due to the tendancy for the jet stream to dive southeast out of Canada during this period of the year. Oddly enough, the folks who live in Alberta typically enjoy mild temperatures during times when Alberta Clippers are bringing snow and cold to the lower 48.
During the mid-1800's, the fastest ship around was the Clipper ship. These ships dimensions were fairly long and narrow, so they could cut through the water better. They also took full advantage of harnessing the wind by employing many sails. Because of their speed, compared to previous vessels, they were widely used on the major trade routes around the world during that time. This explains what the 'Clipper' portion of the term 'Alberta Clipper' is referring to.
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Now that you know where the 'Alberta' and 'Clipper' terms came from, you can decipher that these systems are fast moving lows that oftentimes originate in the Canadian province of Alberta. Due to their fast movement, Alberta Clippers tend to be short-lived, quick-hitting snowfall events. Because of this, snowfall amounts will most often stay at a few inches or less. Although high snow-liquid ratios (the amount of snowfall that piles up for every one inch of liquid water) are common during these events, which can bring snowfall amounts to several inches in certain events. This tendancy for high snow-liquid ratios is driven by the arctic air that resides in the vicinity of these systems, which results in a dry and powdery snow.
The last and most often troublesome aspect of Alberta Clipper lows is created by the gusty winds that occur in their wake. The strong winds can produce major travel problems, due to the visibility issues created by blowing snow. These gusty winds will also typically usher in severe arctic air masses, resulting in dangerously cold wind chills over the northern Plains.
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The next time you hear the term Alberta Clipper, you can now consider yourself prepared for the expected impacts of these systems. These quick-moving lows will most likely bring a light accumulating snow, followed by gusty winds and colder temperatures. The issues with blowing snow will usually outweigh the impacts of the falling snow, especially in the more open areas across the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Iowa. Many of the blizzards and arctic outbreaks that occur across the Plains can be blamed on the passage of a strong Alberta Clipper. Lastly, don't forget about those Saskatchawan Screamers and Manitoba Maulers, as they deserve some attention at times too.
